Winter's
temperatures bring risk of hypothermia and frostbite.
Whenever temperatures drop decidedly below
normal and wind speed increases, heat can more rapidly leave your body. These
weather-related conditions may lead to serious health problems collectively
called "cold stress." What constitutes cold stress and its effects can vary
across different areas of the country. In regions relatively unaccustomed to
winter weather, near-freezing temperatures are considered factors for cold
stress.
Common
Types of Cold Stress
Hypothermia: Prolonged exposure
to cold will deplete the body's stored energy, resulting in hypothermia, or
abnormally low body temperature. Hypothermia affects the brain, making the
victim unable to think clearly or move well. This makes hypothermia
particularly dangerous because a person may not realize it is happening and
will not be able to do anything about it.
Symptoms of hypothermia can vary depending on
length of exposure to cold:
Early Symptoms
-Shivering
-Fatigue
-Loss
of coordination
-Confusion
and disorientation
Late Symptoms
-No
shivering
-Blue
skin
-Dilated
pupils
-Slowed
pulse and breathing
-Loss
of consciousness
Take
the following steps to treat a worker with hypothermia:
-Alert
the supervisor and request medical assistance.
-Move
the victim into a warm room or shelter.
-Remove
wet clothing.
-Warm
the center of their body first — chest, neck, head and groin — using an electric
blanket, if available; or use skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of
blankets, clothing, towels or sheets.
-Warm
beverages may help increase the body temperature, but do not give alcoholic
beverages. Do not try to give beverages to an unconscious person.
-After
body temperature has increased, keep the victim dry and wrapped in a warm
blanket, including head and neck.
-If
victim has no pulse, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Frostbite: Freezing of the skin
and underlying tissues can result in frostbite. Frostbite causes a loss of
feeling and color in the affected areas. It most often affects the nose, ears,
cheeks, chin, fingers or toes. Frostbite can permanently damage tissues, and
severe cases can require amputation. The risk of frostbite increases in workers
with reduced blood circulation and those who are not dressed properly.
Symptoms of frostbite include:
-Reduced
blood flow to hands and feet (fingers or toes can freeze)
-Numbness
-Tingling
or stinging
-Aching
-Bluish
or pale, waxy skin.
Workers suffering from frostbite should:
-Get
into a warm room as soon as possible.
-Avoid
walking on frostbitten feet or toes—this increases the damage.
-Immerse
the affected area in warm—not hot—water.
-Warm
the affected area using body heat; for example, the heat of an armpit can be
used to warm frostbitten fingers.
-Avoid
rubbing the frostbitten area; doing so may cause more damage.
-Not
use a heating pad, heat lamp or the heat of a stove, fireplace or radiator for
warming. Affected areas are numb and can be easily burned.
Safety Tips for Employers
The following action steps can protect your
workers from cold stress:
-Schedule
maintenance and repair jobs in cold areas for warmer months.
-Schedule
cold jobs for the warmer part of the day.
-Reduce
the physical demands of workers.
-Use
relief workers or assign extra workers for long, demanding jobs.
-Provide
warm liquids to workers.
-Provide
warm areas for use during break periods.
-Monitor
workers who are at risk of cold stress.
-Provide
cold stress training that includes information about:
Worker risk
Prevention
Symptoms
The importance of monitoring yourself
and coworkers for symptoms
Treatment
Personal protective equipment
Source:
NIOSH
For more information, please contact the PCOC
Insurance Program department of Jenkins Leavitt Insurance Services at (877)
860-7378 or, email us @
ProPest@Leavitt.com.