Nationally, the value of construction in all components rose in 2017, climbing 10.4 percent from the previous year. The value of permits in the residential sector has increased every year since 2009, primarily stemming from the multi-family component. In 2017, the residential sector increased 7.8 percent, pushed up by the multi-family component (+13.7 percent). Canadian municipalities issued $35.4 billion in permits for non-residential structures in 2017, climbing 15.1 percent from the previous year and the first increase since 2014. The institutional component led the increase in 2017, rising $2 billion from 2016, followed by the industrial (+$1.9 billion) and commercial (+$840.5 million) components.