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IIHS New Crash Tests: Small Cars Improve And Are Good On Gas
The ratings are based on performance in front, side, rollover, and rear impact evaluations. Cars that earn the top rating of good in each test, and have available electronic stability control (ESC) qualify for Top Safety Pick. Winners are the 2012 Ford Focus and Honda Civic, along with the 2011 Hyundai Elantra, Lexus CT 200h hybrid, Nissan Juke, and Toyota Prius hybrid. The Civic, CT 200h, Elantra, Focus, and Prius have at least one version with a government fuel economy rating of at least 40 miles per gallon on the highway. The Dodge Caliber, Honda CR-Z and Insight hybrids, Nissan Sentra and Versa, Scion xD, and Suzuki SX4 also were rated but didn't earn Top Safety Pick. The Institute began awarding Top Safety Pick for the 2006 model year with less stringent criteria than today. Then only three small cars earned the designation (Honda Civic, Saab 9-2X, and Subaru Impreza). Now twenty-two small models, including those the Institute tested previously, earn the award with tougher requirements including a roof strength test, an electronic stability control (ESC) requirement to help drivers avoid crashes, and a higher bar for rear impact protection. In the latest group, the Toyota Prius hybrid is a Top Safety Pick, and also one of the most fuel-efficient cars on the market, with estimates of fifty-one miles per gallon in the city and 48 mpg on the highway. Altogether, ten small and minicar models with government fuel economy ratings of at least 40 mpg on the highway also earn Top Safety Pick. Small cars used to have the least safety equipment. Now all have standard side airbags, and in this group all but the Caliber, SX4, and Versa have standard ESC for preventing many kinds of crashes. Auto manufacturers moved quickly to put ESC on cars and SUVs after research by the Institute and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration demonstrated the effectiveness of this feature. An Institute study found that ESC reduces fatal single-vehicle crashes by up to 50 percent. The government will require standard ESC on all new vehicles, starting with 2012 models. Small cars also are more crashworthy. In 1997, when the Institute first put small cars through its then-new 40 mph frontal offset test, none of the eleven small cars earned the top rating of good, and three were poor. The first results for small cars in the Institute's side test in 2005 were no more encouraging — none was good, and fourteen of the sixteen models evaluated earned the lowest rating of poor. The Hyundai Elantra's results show how vehicle designs have improved. The 2001-03 Elantra was rated poor for frontal crash protection. A late-deploying airbag contributed to high forces on the driver dummy's head and neck. Forces on both lower legs indicated that fractured bones and a foot injury would be possible in a real-world crash of similar severity. The 2001-06 Elantra also earned a poor side rating, even with standard side airbags. The structure of the older Elantra allowed a lot of intrusion into the occupant compartment, and driver dummy injury measures indicated that rib fractures, internal organ injuries, and a broken left leg would be possible in a real-world crash. ESC wasn't available on this version of the Elantra, even as an option. Acceptable ratings in one or more evaluations kept five of the thirteen small cars off the Top Safety Pick list. That was the case for the Honda CR-Z and Insight, Nissan Versa and Sentra, and Scion xD. The Suzuki SX4 is rated marginal for rollover and rear protection. The Dodge Caliber is rated marginal for side protection, while it is acceptable in the rollover test. None of the cars recently tested earn a poor rating in any evaluation.
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