Australia was for many years the world’s leading exporter of wood chips and the major supplier of wood fiber to the pulp industry in Japan, which was the largest importer of wood chips in the world. This changed in 2012 when Australian exports fell to their lowest level in more than 10 years and Vietnam took over as the largest supplier of wood chips in the world, according to the Wood Resource Quarterly (WRQ), Seattle, Wash. USA. 

 

There is no lack of wood supply in Australia, rather it is the demand for chips from the export market that has changed. Exports of eucalyptus chips reached a peak of five million tons in 2008, and fell to about 3.3 million tons in 2012, which is the lowest export volume since 2000. It is primarily the demand for chips in Japan that has diminished, and had it not been for China’s increased wood fiber demand, the picture would have been even bleaker for Australian chip exporters. 

 

However, during the past six months, shipments of wood chips from Australia have rebounded and volumes exported in the 4Q/13 and the 1Q/14 were the highest quarterly shipments since 2010. The biggest reason for the increase has been China’s need for wood fiber for the country’s pulp industry. As a matter of fact, 1Q/14 was the first time Australia exported more wood chips to China than to Japan, as reported by the WRQ. Of the total shipments of 1.2 million tons in the 1Q/14, about 50% was destined for China, while the remainder was shipped to Japan, Taiwan, and, for the first time, to India. 

 

The negotiated hardwood chip export price in Australia has fallen the past two years in both Australian and U.S. dollar terms because of lower demand from Japanese pulp mills, increased availability of chip supply from Vietnam, and unwillingness on the part of Chinese pulp companies to pay elevated prices for higher-quality eucalyptus wood chips. Chinese chip buyers are  currently paying about $30 less per odmt for Eucalyptus chips than what Japanese chip buyers do, according to the WRQ. Despite the lower price, export volumes to China went up in 2013 and were 85% higher than in 2012. In the 1Q/14, Australia supplied approximately 27% of China’s total import volume of hardwood chips, up from only 7% during the same quarter in 2012. 

 

Despite the encouraging outlook for increased chip exports to China and India in the coming years, the biggest challenge for Australian chip exporters is to be able to raise the prices for chips to China and to close the wide price gap with Japanese-bound chips.